The techniques that are used to move genes from one kind of organisim to another
are called gene cloning , because millions of identical copies of a particular gene can be produced in bacteria or other kind of cells.By this way transgenic plants and animals ,organisims that have been modifiedso that they contain genetic information derived from other species , are formed .
    Some vehicles are used to transport genes from one place to another.These are plasmids or viruses whose DNA has been altered in such a way that foreign DNA fragments prodeced by restriction enzymes can be inserted into them.
    When tese cloning vehiclesare introduced into cells , they replicate both their own DNA and foreign genes. The foreign DNA is thus cloned , given that identical copies are made each time the cloning vehicles replicate.
    Usually the microorganisims used to replicate cloned genes are themselves genetically altered.

    Three basic methods are used in recombinant DNA technology for cloning genes of interest;
     a) isolating and cloning the piece of DNA itself
     b)cloning DNA that has been synthesized from specific mRNAs
     c)cloning DNA that has been chemically synthesized by knowing the amino acid sequence of proteins