clonning
 

     - Mammary epithelium cells from a 6-year-old Finn Dorset ewe in the last trimester of pregnancy, were used as donors of nuclei.
      - The  donor cells were made quiescent by reducing the concentration of serum
 in the culture medium from 10 to 0.5% for 5 days, causing them to exit  the growth cycle and arrest in G0.
       - Electrical pulses were used to fuse  nuclei from the donor cells to oocytes from a Scottish Blackface ewe and to activate the oocytes.
       - Most of the resulting embryos were cultur in  ligated oviducts of sheep, but some of    those that had been derived from  embryonic or fetal cells were cultured in a    chemically defined medium.
       - Embryos that had developed to the morula or blastocyst stage after 6 days in culture
were transferred to recipients (1-3 embryos per recipient).
       -  DNA microsatellite analysis of the  donor cell populations and lambs for 4 polymorphic loci confirmed that each lamb was derived from the nucleus donor.
        - The lamb born after   nuclear transfer from a mammary epithelium cell is the first mammal  known to be derived from an adult tissue.
       - The fact that a lamb was  derived from an adult cell confirms that differentiation of that cell did not involve the irreversible modification of the genetic material required for
development to term.

written by ibrahim